Most kidney stones are calcium-based, mainly calcium oxalate, but uric acid, struvite (infection-related), and cystine stones also occur. Your risk can increase due to low fluid intake, high salt or animal-protein diets, obesity, diabetes, and certain medications. Not getting enough dietary calcium can also raise stone risk.
Doctors usually diagnose stones using imaging, most commonly a non-contrast CT scan. If a stone is causing infection and blocking urine flow, urgent treatment is required.
Why ESWL Is Performed
ESWL is recommended for small to medium kidney stones that are visible on X-ray and suitable for shockwave treatment. It uses focused sound waves from outside the body to break the stone into tiny fragments, allowing them to pass naturally in the urine.
How ESWL Works
During ESWL, you lie on a comfortable treatment table, often with a warm water cushion or water-filled pad positioned against the kidney.
Using ultrasound or X-ray guidance, focused shock waves are directed at the stone. These waves break the stone into tiny pieces that can pass through the urinary tract.
What to Expect During Treatment
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ESWL is performed as a day case procedure.
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You will lie on a treatment couch while the stone is targeted using X-ray or ultrasound.
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Shockwaves are delivered through the skin; no cuts or instruments are used.
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Most patients describe the sensation as uncomfortable rather than painful.
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You can go home shortly after the procedure.
After the Procedure
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It is normal to experience some flank discomfort or blood-tinged urine for a short time.
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You may pass stone fragments over the following days or weeks.
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Drinking plenty of water helps flush out the fragments.
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A follow-up scan or X-ray will be arranged to check the stone has cleared.
Effectiveness of ESWL
While ESWL is safe and non-invasive, the success rate is slightly lower than ureteroscopy with laser treatment, especially for:
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Hard stones
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Larger stones
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Stones in the lower ureter
Your consultant will advise whether ESWL is the most suitable option based on your scan results.
Why Choose London Urology Collective
We combine leading clinical experience with up-to-date knowledge of both established and innovative therapies. All treatment options are discussed clearly, allowing you to make an informed choice that best fits your needs and long-term health.
Consultant led care throughout
Subspecialist expertise
Rapid access to care
Clear and transparent fees
Convenient London locations
When to Seek Specialist Advice
You may benefit from a consultation if you experience:
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Persistent kidney or ureteric stones not passing naturally
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Recurrent episodes of severe flank pain (renal colic)
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Stones causing obstruction or affecting urine flow
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Recurrent urinary tract infections linked to stones
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Blood in urine (haematuria)
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Increasing stone size on imaging
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Failure of conservative management (hydration, medications)
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Stones causing reduced kidney function or swelling (hydronephrosis)
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Unsure about suitability for treatment (stone size, location, health factors)
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Severe, uncontrolled pain or signs of infection (fever, chills) — urgent
Early assessment can provide reassurance and allow timely treatment where needed.
Why Choose London Urology Collective
We combine leading clinical experience with up-to-date knowledge of both established and innovative therapies. All treatment options are discussed clearly, allowing you to make an informed choice that best fits your needs and long-term health.