Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a highly effective, minimally invasive surgical treatment used for kidney stones that are large, complex, or not suitable for ureteroscopy or shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). It is performed under general anaesthesia to ensure complete comfort throughout the procedure.
PCNL is recommended when kidney stones are too large, too hard, or too numerous to be treated with simpler methods such as shockwave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy. It allows direct access to the kidney through a tiny incision, enabling safe and effective stone clearance.
How PCNL Is Performed
A very fine telescope (a ureteroscope) is passed gently through the natural urinary passage — the urethra, into the bladder, and then up the ureter.
Depending on the location of the stone:
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A semi-rigid ureteroscope is used for stones in the ureter
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A flexible ureteroscope with a movable tip is used to reach stones inside the kidney
A thin laser fibre can be passed through the telescope to break the stone into tiny fragments.
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Larger pieces may be removed using a tiny wire basket
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Very small fragments are usually left to pass naturally in the urine
What to Expect on the Day
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You will have a general anaesthetic and be asleep throughout.
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A small (1 cm) incision is made in the back to reach the kidney.
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Stones are broken and removed using a fine telescope and specialised instruments.
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A temporary drainage tube or stent may be placed to help the kidney heal.
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Most patients stay one night in hospital.
After the Procedure
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Mild discomfort and blood-tinged urine are common for a short period.
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You can usually return to normal activities within 1–2 weeks.
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If a stent or tube is used, you will receive clear instructions about care and removal.
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A follow-up scan will be arranged to confirm the kidney is stone-free.
Why Choose London Urology Collective
We combine leading clinical experience with up-to-date knowledge of both established and innovative therapies. All treatment options are discussed clearly, allowing you to make an informed choice that best fits your needs and long-term health.
Consultant led care throughout
Subspecialist expertise
Rapid access to care
Clear and transparent fees
Convenient London locations
When to Seek Specialist Advice
You may benefit from a consultation if you experience:
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Persistent urinary symptoms
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Blood in the urine
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Recurrent infections
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Pain in the kidney, bladder, or testicular region
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Changes in urinary flow or control
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Concerns relating to prostate or men’s health
Early assessment can provide reassurance and allow timely treatment where needed.
Why Choose London Urology Collective
We combine leading clinical experience with up-to-date knowledge of both established and innovative therapies. All treatment options are discussed clearly, allowing you to make an informed choice that best fits your needs and long-term health.